It reinforced our mantra that there was no way that a manuscript with a sunflower and an armadillo could be a 15th-century European work (as both species are native to the Western Hemisphere),” Janick said. “In “The Flora of the Voynich Codex,” identification was extended to 166 phytomorphs, all but one indigenous to the New World. This hypothesis is furthered in “The Flora of the Voynich Codex,” published by Springer, in which the authors elaborate on their identifications, linking the botanical illustrations to plants used in traditional herbal remedies by the Aztecs of southern Mexico in the 1500s. ![]() The document was previously thought to have been a written product of 15 th-century European botanists. In their 2018 book “Unraveling the Voynich Code,” Janick and Tucker establish that the manuscript dates from 16 th- century Mexico, based on their analysis of the botanical drawings and maps contained in the book. The Voynich manuscript, a codex heavily illustrated with botanical illustrations that, until recently, was of ambiguous origin and language, had proved undecipherable to scholars for over a century. Duke Excellence in Botanical Literature Award for his 2019 book “ Flora of the Voynich Codex: An Exploration of Aztec Plants.” Janick shares the award with his co-author, the late Arthur Tucker, emeritus herbarium director at Delaware State University. Jules Janick, Purdue University’s James Troop Distinguished Professor of Horticulture, recently earned The American Botanical Council (ABC) James A. It is a book offering homeopathic advice and instruction to women of court on matters of the heart, of sexual congress, of reproduction, of motherhood and of the physical and emotional complications that can arise along the way through life.WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. The original title for the manuscript, given by its female author, is: What one needs to be sure to acquire for the evils set in one's fate. In short it is revealed to be the only known document both written in Vulgar Latin, or proto-Romance, and using proto-Italic symbols. ![]() Furthermore, in discovering its writing system, it became apparent that the manuscript is of invaluable importance to the study of the evolution of the Romance languages and the scheme of Italic letters and associated punctuation marks now commonplace in those and other modern languages. Instead, it is code only in the sense that the modern reader needs to be versed in the calligraphic and linguistic rules to be able to translate and read the texts. The manuscript is not encrypted, in the sense that its author made an effort to conceal the contents of the manuscript, as has been presumed by some scholars. The writing system uses symbols, punctuation, grammar and language that are each unique. This paper provides the solution to understanding the hitherto unknown writing system used for the manuscript listed as MS 408 at the Beinecke Library, Yale University. Here, the language and writing system are explained, so that other scholars can explore the manuscript for its linguistic and informative content. On the other hand, a significant vestige of the language has survived into the modern era, because its lexicon has been sequestered into the many modern languages of Mediterranean Europe. The writing system is rather more singular and less intuitive than modern systems, which may explain why it failed to become culturally ubiquitous and ultimately became obsolete. As a result, identifying the language and solving the writing system required some ingenuity and lateral thinking, but both were duly revealed. ![]() It includes some words and abbreviations in Latin. It includes diphthong, triphthongs, quadriphthongs and even quintiphthongs for the abbreviation of phonetic components. Some of the symbol variants indicate phonetic accents. Some of the letters have symbol variants to indicate punctuation. It includes no dedicated punctuation marks. Its alphabet uses a number of unfamiliar symbols alongside more familiar symbols. ![]() Manuscript MS408 (Voynich) is unusual in a number of respects: 1.
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